Geological maps show not only the surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, fault lines, and subsurface structures. Physical maps show geographical features such as mountains, soil type, or land use. Political maps emphasize territorial boundaries and human settlement. Maps of the world generally focus either on political features or on physical features. GIS connects data to a map, integrating location. With exploration that began during the European Renaissance, knowledge of the Earth's surface accumulated rapidly, such that most of the world's coastlines had been mapped, at least roughly, by the mid-1700s and the continental interiors by the twentieth century. A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that creates, manages, analyzes & maps all types of data. From prehistory through the Middle ages, creating an accurate world map would have been impossible because less than half of Earth's coastlines and only a small fraction of its continental interiors were known to any culture. Ĭharting a world map requires global knowledge of the Earth, its oceans, and its continents. Many techniques have been developed to present world maps that address diverse technical and aesthetic goals. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map.

Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. For other uses, see World map (disambiguation).Ī world map on the Winkel tripel projection,Ī low-error map projection adopted by the National Geographic Society for reference maps NASA's Blue Marble Next Generation, a composite of cloud-free satellite images.Ī world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth.

Outline sketch of world map